Multi-Agent Reliability via Typed Schema Contracts and Discriminated Union Action Spaces
The leading cause of multi-agent workflow failures is implicit state sharing and untyped inter-agent communication — an agent closing an issue another just opened, or returning free-text that downstream agents misparse. The solution is treating inter-agent communication like a microservices API contract: typed schemas (Zod in TypeScript, Pydantic in Python), discriminated unions for action schemas, and an MCP enforcement layer that validates every inter-agent message. Google's empirically-derived study of 180 multi-agent configurations (InfoQ, January 2026) established the tool-coordination trade-off: parallelizable tasks scale with more agents, sequential tasks degrade — choose architecture based on task structure before building.
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