Blackwell Approachability and Gradient Equilibrium are Equivalent

arXiv·low signal

Proves a formal equivalence between Blackwell approachability and gradient equilibrium (GEQ), a recently introduced online-optimization framework that generalizes first-order stationarity and abstracts problems like online conformal prediction. The result (Lee, Haghtalab, Jordan) unifies two previously separate theoretical lines. Foundational rather than immediately actionable, but relevant to online-learning theory.